Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS)

Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Soyuz 2.1b/Fregat-M | Ionosfera-M 3 & 4 Rocket Launch

Ionosfera is a constellation of four ionospheric and magnetospheric research satellites developed by for Roscosmos for the project Ionozond.

The satellites will operate on circular sun-synchronous orbits (SSO), at altitude of about 800 km and located in two orbital planes of two satellites each.

The following science instruments are carried on the satellites:

* SPER/1 Plasma and energy radiation spectrometer
* SG/1 Gamma-ray spectrometer
* GALS/1 Galactic cosmic ray spectrometer / 1
* LAERTES On-board Ionosonde
* NBK/2 Low-frequency wave complex
* ESEP Ionospheric plasma energy spectrometer
* Ozonometer-TM Ozonometer
* MayaK On-board radio transmitters
* PES GPS-GLONASS device

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Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Soyuz 2.1a | Bion-M No. 2 Rocket Launch

Bion-M is the next generation of Russian biological research satellites. While retaining the Vostok/Zenit-derived reentry module of the earlier Bion, the propulsion module has been replace by a Yantar type module, which provides maneuvering capabilities and longer mission support. The mission duration has been increased to up to 6 months by using solar cells for energy generation. The weight of scientific equipment has been increased by 100 kilograms.

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Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Soyuz 2.1b/Fregat-M | AIST-2T 01 & 02 Rocket Launch

A pair of Russian optical Earth observation satellites built by the Progress Rocket Space Centre for obtaining stereo images of the Earth’s surface, with maximum resolution of 1.2 m in panchromatic mode and a swath width of 32 km.

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Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Soyuz 2.1a | Obzor-R No.1 Rocket Launch

The Russian Obzor-R satellite is a planned X-band radar earth observation satellite designed by TsSKB-Progress.

In 2012, the development of the Arkon-2M radar satellite was stopped and instead the development of the Obzor-R was initiated.

The satellite features the BRLK X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar as the imaging instrument with a ground resolution of 500 m.

Russian Federal Space Agency (ROSCOSMOS) | Soyuz 2.1a | Soyuz MS-28 Rocket Launch

Soyuz MS-28 will carry three cosmonauts and one astronaut to the International Space Station aboard the Soyuz spacecraft from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. The crew consists of Roscosmos cosmonauts Sergei Kud-Sverchkov, Sergei Mikayev and Oleg Platonov.